1.     Introduction

The crypt at St John the Evangelist Roundhay holds a vault where members of three generations of a Leeds family called Cadman are buried. These are Thomas Cadman and his wife Ann née Oastler; their two eldest-born children and their daughter-in-law Amelia née Rhodes; and five of their grandchildren. The Cadman vault was first set up in 1830, relatively soon after the church was first consecrated in 1826.

This is the story of these Cadmans and their connections to two other Yorkshire families, the Oastlers of Thirsk and Leeds, and the Rhodes of Leeds and Roundhay. These connections are sketched below, with the people who are buried in the Cadman vault underlined.

Ann Cadman was born Ann Oastler in Thirsk in 1778, the eldest daughter of Robert Oastler and Sarah Scurr. The family portrait of 1791, reproduced below, shows Ann standing to her father's left.

Robert Oastler was born in Kirby Wiske in 1748, the Oastlers having been yeomen farmers in the Moorhouse district of Newsham for several generations1 . At the age of 16 he became a fervent Methodist and quarrelled so seriously with his father in consequence that he left home and took refuge in Thirsk with his uncles John and Samson Oastler, both prominent Methodists who had helped to finance the new Wesleyan chapel in Thirsk. Robert grew up as the ward of his uncle John. He often met John Wesley as a guest in his uncle's house and "their aquaintanceship ripened into a more than common friendship"2.

In 1788 the Robert Oastlers moved to Leeds where their last child Richard was born a year later. Robert Oastler then obtained the position of steward of the Fixby estate near Huddersfield, owned by Thomas Thornhill, and it was at this time that the family portrait was painted4. Robert Oastler maintained his strong allegiance to the Methodist church throughout his life and was John Wesley's host on his last visit to Yorkshire in May 1790. On this occasion Wesley is said to have taken the infant Richard Oastler into his arms and blessed him2.

Richard Oastler grew up to become "The Factory King", the famously indefatigable campaigner for the reduction of children's working hours in factories and the initiator of the Ten Hour Movement. A great deal has been written about the life and career of this extraordinary and admirable man so no attempt is made to summarise it here, but he comes into his sister Ann Cadman's story later.

In 1797 Ann Oastler married Thomas Cadman, the eldest surviving son of John Cadman and Mary Cayley of Leeds5.

John Cadman was a prosperous wholesale tobacco merchant with business premises in Shambles, Briggate, Leeds .

In 1758 he had married Mary Cayley at St Peter's in Leeds6 and their five children were John, Ann, Mary, Thomas and John7(it seems that at least four other children died at birth8). The Cadmans were Unitarians and attended Call Lane Arian or Congregational Chapel, where the surviving children were baptised. See later for an outline tree of the Cadman family.

Towards the end of the century it looks as if John Cadman had started to invest in property in Sheepscar (then a hamlet about a mile from the centre of Leeds), because a map of 1793 shows property there adjoining North Street including a large swathe of land which is labelled in capital letters: "Mr Cadman's Estate"9 .

It is probable that John Cadman had himself moved out to Sheepscar by this time because it was there that he died in 1797, aged 73. He was buried at St John's Briggate10 where his wife had been interred twenty years earlier.

His son Thomas continued to run the business, apparently in partnership with William Glover and John Darnton (both wealthy wholesale tobacconists11) and moved it to Lower Head Row. The Darntons, Glovers and Luptons (a prominent cloth trading family headed by William and Arthur Lupton) also attended Call Lane Chapel, and there were probably social as well as commercial links between the Cadmans and these families. The Lupton firm had business premises in North Street and both William Lupton and his brother Arthur had houses in Sheepscar. The Luptons were to develop strong ties to Roundhay in the next generations.

By 1807 the firm of Cadman & Darnton was operating in Lady Lane5 where it was to remain for at least 30 years, though John Darnton apparently left the partnership before 1822. It must have continued to prosper under Thomas' management because "in the depression after 1815 William Lupton's firm was kept going by large loans from his father-in-law John Darnton and the latter's partner Thomas Cadman12 ".

Thomas Cadman married Ann Oastler in November 1797, six months after his father's death. She was 19 years old at the time and he was ten years older. They lived at the house in 35 North Street throughout their married life and their four surviving children John, Sarah, William and Robert were all baptised at Call Lane Arian Chapel.

We learn a little about Thomas and Ann's children from a letter written 1811 by Mary Oastler, Ann's younger sister, while she was looking after the three youngest Cadman children in Sheepscar. She tells her sister about social contacts with the Darnton and Lupton families and encloses notes from the children.

Follow link for scan of Mary's & William's letter

In 1827 the Cadman's second son, William, married Amelia Rhodes of Roundhay, by which time he was probably already a partner in the family tobacco business in Lady Lane that he was to inherit on his father's death.

* * *

Amelia was the eldest daughter of Abraham Rhodes16 , one of the younger brothers of Matthew and Timothy Rhodes who had turned their father's dyeing business into a successful wool trading company (see page later for an outline tree of the Rhodes family). Having gained a foothold in this prestigious sector of Leeds industry they quickly entered the export market, at first in Europe (Abraham was in Italy in 1788 soliciting orders for the business) and later in the United States. After Matthew Rhodes died in 1802 Abraham starting trading with Brazil, sending one of his partners Henry Glover (his brother-in-law) to Rio de Janeiro in around 1807. Later still he and his Leeds-based partners branched out into full-scale manufacturing of woollen cloth, using machine-finishing. The historian RG Wilson regards Abraham Rhodes as a major innovator among the middle-sized wool merchants in this respect17.

However, the beginning of the nineteenth century must have been a very difficult period for Abraham Rhodes, both personally and professionally. In 1799 he had married Martha Glover , daughter of Samuel Glover18 the tobacconist. They lived in Woodhouse where the Rhodes business was located, about a mile to the west of Sheepscar, and had four children: William, Amelia, Louisa and Martha. But in 1806 William died from scarlet fever and in February 1810 the mother Martha Rhodes died giving birth to Martha junior19 , leaving Abraham a widower with three daughters aged 0, 1 and 5.

His business affairs must also have caused him great anxiety during this period, particularly after 1810. Demand from the American and Brazilian markets practically stopped and his young partner in Brazil proved to be a serious liability, failing to make returns to the business either in money or goods, refusing to answer letters, and making rash investments against his partners' advice. The resulting cash-flow problem became so serious that in 1816 the partners of A Rhodes & Co were refused further credit from their Leeds bankers. Abraham Rhodes is said to have worked a 16-hour day during this period and it is a matter for speculation who looked after the three young children.17

In 1816 the firm was able to wind up its business in Brazil but it took another four years of acrimony and arbitration before the partnership with Henry Glover was dissolved. John Darnton, the partner of Thomas Cadman, was one of those who served as arbitrator in the dispute and this may be how the Rhodes and the Cadmans became aware of each other.

After 1820 Abraham Rhodes was able to take a more relaxed attitude to his business and "much of his time was taken up by more rural pursuits"17, though he was to continue working for at least another 10 years. He bought and moved his family to the property known as Wood End20 in the fashionable village of Roundhay and at around the same time he also bought the substantial Wold Newton estate in the East Riding, about 15 miles south of Scarborough.

It is not clear why he bought an estate so far away from Leeds and there is no evidence that he lived there for any length of time. Nevertheless he seems to have been a conscientious lord of the manor, endowing a village school in 183221 and setting up a Sunday School.

Amelia, the eldest Rhodes daughter, married William Cadman at the new church of St John the Evangelist in Roundhay in November 182722 , a month after the wedding of her youngest sister Martha to William Nicholson (Philips) Nicholson, later of the Mansion, Roundhay Park23 . These must have been two of the earliest marriages to be solemnised at St John's, which had been consecrated only in the previous year23.

The William Cadmans' story is resumed in section 2.

In the following year Ann Cadman's mother Sarah Oastler née Scurr died at her daughter's house in Sheepscar where she had moved in 1820 when Robert Oastler died. She was buried with her husband at the Wesleyan Old Chapel in Leeds24 and Ann Cadman wrote the following affecting memoir of her mother's last hours:

Robert, the youngest of the Cadman children, remained a bachelor and lived at the Sheepscar house with his mother until she died. There are hints in family documents that he was not very career-minded and perhaps a little eccentric. In 1861 his niece Florence Davy, aged 22 and visiting at 35 North Street, observed in her diary: "Uncle Robert looks more extraordinary than ever & wears a small, blue checked flannel jacket." Robert Cadman died at Richmond in Surrey in 187336 .

Thomas Cadman himself died in 1835, aged 68, and was buried with his two eldest born children in the crypt at St John's Roundhay37 . His wife was to live for nearly another 30 years, remaining in the family house at 35 North Street.

During her widowhood we know from her letters that she spent a lot of time with her grandchildren in Wold Newton and Scarborough. She remained close to her famous youngest brother Richard and in 1844 he stayed with her in Leeds for the few days immediately following his release from six years imprisonment for debt2. She also stayed with Richard in London in 1846 and enjoyed herself seeing the sights, reporting in a letter to her daughter that Richard had "asked Mr Fielden the Member for Oldham to go with us through the New Houses of Parliament as there is no seeing them except with an M.P. and their splendour is beyond description".

3. Amelia Rhodes and William Cadman

The young William Cadmans spent the first 10 years of their married life at 35 North Street in Sheepscar, living with his mother and younger brother Robert38 and close neighbours of his sister Sarah Davy and her growing family. Four children were born to the Cadmans in Sheepscar: Martha Rhodes Cadman, John Cadman, Rhodes Cadman and Amelia Ann Cadman. All were christened at Roundhay. By 1837 William Cadman was a Leeds magistrate and one of three councillors for the North ward39 , together with Darnton Lupton and William Brown.

Their lives changed when Abraham Rhodes died in Roundhay in February 1838. He was buried in the Glover vault at St Paul's Church in Leeds19 where his wife and son had been interred over thirty years earlier, and is also commemorated in All Saints church in Wold Newton41. . By the terms of his Will42 each of his three sons-in-law in turn had the option to purchase his Roundhay property for the sum of £6,000. William Cadman had the first option and exercised it (with some financial help from his brother Robert)20, and it seems likely that he moved his family to Roundhay the same year. Amelia Cadman thus returned to the house where she had lived as a girl and at around this time her youngest sister Martha Nicholson must also have returned to Roundhay, having spent the first 10 years of her married life in Heavitree, Devon43 . Her husband William Nicholson was to inherit the Mansion and Roundhay Park estate in 1863.

William Cadman also purchased Abraham Rhodes' property at Wold Newton in the East Riding, another option given to the sons-in-law42. It was a sizeable estate, over 3,000 acres, comprising several farms and cottages, the village inn and the smithy. The Hall itself was built by a Lt Col William Hutchinson44 45during the period 1804-1809 and was described in the deeds as a "small country residence" with four main bedrooms46. It still exists, charmingly situated next to the church of All Saints, though it has recently been badly damaged by fire. It may be that William Cadman sold his business to finance this further acquisition47 , or that his wife's inheritance from her father was used.

It looks as though the William Cadmans were based in Roundhay between 1839 and 1844 but also spent quite extended periods at Wold Newton. We can infer that William Cadman had taken possession of the Wold Newton property by late 1839, since he invited at least one male guest to stay at that time48 , and the following letter indicates that the fifth child Henry was born there (in November 1841). However the same letter implies that the Roundhay house was still regarded as "home" and the William Cadmans were certainly recorded as resident in Roundhay in 183949 , 184150 and 184251 .

Family documents suggest that William Cadman found himself in his element as the squire of a country estate, that he abandoned his business and social life in Leeds without a backward glance and devoted his time to hunting, shooting and (later) breeding race-horses on a small scale. This conclusion is supported by William Bannister, a rope-maker in Wold Newton, who wrote: "When Mr Cadman came to live at Wold Newton he was greatly interested in sport and was a prominent figure on the hunting field, wearing a red coat, and was looked upon as one of the finest Country Squires in the East Riding of Yorkshire62" .

Wold Newton was probably much less enjoyable for Amelia Cadman. In stark contrast to her earlier life she found herself living in a village with a population of less than 200, accessible only by what we would call cart-tracks, and 60 miles from the relatives and friends she had grown up with. It is unlikely that she could ride well enough to be independent in these circumstances and there is no evidence that she had a carriage at her disposal. She can have had no company apart from the Vicar's wife, and no useful occupation except welfare work in the village. In this context we should note that William Bannister describes her as being "a good woman in spite of her failings" who "took a great interest in the temporal as well as spiritual welfare of the Village people, was greatly interested in Sunday and day school work".

It cannot have helped that the first two children born at Wold Newton, Henry and Robert, died as infants in 1842 and 184363 . They were both buried in the family vault at Roundhay, the first of the third generation to be buried there. Two further children were born at Wold Newton and survived to adulthood, Mary Eliza and Reginald.

We know a little about the Cadman children from letters written by their grandmother Ann Cadman while staying at Wold Newton Hall in the 1840s. The first one was written a month after Amelia had given birth to her seventh child, Mary Eliza Cadman. Rather oddly Amelia is not mentioned at all

In early 1844 Richard Oastler, by this time a nationally famous or (in the view of his many opponents) notorious person, spent several weeks with his nephew at Wold Newton Hall following his release from prison and subsequent few days respite in Leeds with his sister Ann Cadman. It was from Wold Newton that Oastler went to Leeds on March 9 to make his first public speech for six years "amid scenes of the greatest fervour" 2, and later that month the Central Committee of the Short Time campaigners visited him at Wold Newton to discuss the next wave of demonstrations in support of the Ten Hour movement.

During the 1850s a series of rather untimely deaths struck William Cadman's family. The eldest daughter Martha Rhodes Cadman died in 1852, aged only 24. She had failed to return from Liverpool to the house of her grandmother Ann Cadman in Leeds as expected and her brother John was sent from Wold Newton to Liverpool to look for her, followed the next day by Ann's housekeeper Grace Stephenson. William Cadman's niece Mary Davy was staying with the greatly distressed Ann Cadman during this crisis and wrote bluntly to her mother: "I think it was very inconsiderate in him [William Cadman] to set off to shoot instead of going to L'pool for Martha". Martha died the day after this letter was written of "catalepsy leading to coma"74 in the house of a merchant family in West Derby, and she was the third of this generation to be buried at Roundhay.

Amelia Cadman herself died in Wold Newton only three years later, aged 50, the cause of death being given as apoplexy. And in the next two years Rhodes Cadman and Amelia Ann Cadman also died, both in their early twenties, the one from pneumonia, the other from internal haemorrhage. Both children and their mother were taken Roundhay for burial, although All Saints Wold Newton had by this time had a consecrated graveyard for well over 20 years75 .

Rather surprisingly there is no public memorial to Amelia Cadman in Wold Newton, nor to the five children who died during this period. Three generations of Cadmans were to live at Wold Newton Hall, and they are still talked about in the village, but it is as if the person who brought the property into the family had never existed. William Bannister's unpublished statement appears to be the only record of her life and work there. It may have been her own wish to be buried at St John's Roundhay, the church where she was married, but one would have expected at least a commemorative tablet in the church at Wold Newton. It is true that William Cadman donated four window lights to All Saints in his wife's memory, but these have no public dedication. The fact that they were given in Amelia's memory is only known through the parish records and (later) directories76 , and even there she is not mentioned by name.

It is also difficult to avoid the impression that subsequent generations colluded in this silence, because those of Ann Cadman's letters that were selected for preservation (and they must be only a tiny fraction of those she wrote) contain only two indirect references to Amelia and none at all to the Rhodes and Nicholsons, while they teem with gossip and information about relatives and members of other Leeds and Scarborough families. This has made it difficult to find out anything about Amelia Rhodes, besides constituting a puzzle in itself.

* * *

By 1857 William Cadman was a 54-year old widower with only three surviving children, two of whom were still in the schoolroom and who were brought up with the family of his sister Sarah Davy. The eldest son John Cadman probably remained in Wold Newton to supervise the estate bailiff; he later bought land of his own in Wold Newton (possibly with the legacy from his grandfather Abraham Rhodes) and started farming on his own account77 . But from around 1860 William Cadman himself spent much less time at Wold Newton62, staying mainly at his house in Westfield Terrace Scarborough and visiting relatives in various parts of the country.

His mother Ann Cadman died at Sheepscar in February 186378 and was buried in the family vault at St John's, Roundhay79 . She was the last member of the family be buried there, having outlived both her daughter-in-law and five of her grandchildren80 .

William Cadman lived until 1884, and both he and his sister Sarah Davy are buried in the churchyard at All Saints, Wold Newton. Of William and Amelia's children only the youngest, Reginald, produced offspring. These included two sons, Reginald Mandeville Cadman, a professional musician who later inherited Wold Newton Hall, and William Cadman, an officer in the Royal Navy who was killed in World War I. Neither of them married, so this branch of the Cadmans died out two generations after William Cadman of Leeds and Roundhay.

4.   My connection to the Cadmans

My family is descended from Sarah Cadman, the second child of Thomas and Ann Cadman and the sister of William Cadman and of the John Cadman and infant Sarah Cadman who are buried at Roundhay.

Sarah Cadman married Albert Davy, youngest child of William Davy81 . William was born in Devon, emigrated to the United States in 1796 with his wife Susanna née Broome and six children, became a naturalised American citizen, had some more children (including Albert) and returned in 1817 to take up the post of US Consul of Kingston upon Hull, subsuming Leeds. His consular office was in Butt's Lane Leeds and he lived in Brunswick Place.

The children born in Philadelphia were technically American citizens and on his father's death in 1827 Albert was also appointed US Consul in Leeds, a position which he held until his death. His application and subsequent tenure were supported by several prominent Americans including George M Dallas, the future Vice President, and Nathaniel Hawthorne.

Albert and Sarah Davy set up house in North Street, Sheepscar, close to her parents and brother, and their eight children were all born there 1830-1845. They also acquired a house at 4 Crescent Scarborough which became the family home during the school holidays and their permanent home when Albert retired. There was constant contact between this family and that of William Cadman, and Sarah Davy brought up the two youngest Cadmans with her own family after their mother Amelia died in 1853.

Florence Davy was the sixth child of Albert and Sarah. She married Samuel Lucas who came from a long line of Quaker brewers based in Hitchin in Hertfordshire. Albert Davy initially refused his consent to their engagement, though we do not know why. It may have been because the Lucases were 'manufacturing' or perhaps because they were Quakers. Certainly Samuel converted to the Church of England rather abruptly in 1863, much earlier than the others of his generation.

Whatever the source of his disapproval Albert Davy must eventually have relented because Florence and Samuel were married in 1864 in Scarborough. Florence lived for the rest of her life in Hitchin though she and her children frequently visited her mother in Scarborough and her

Cadman cousins at Wold Newton. Her younger sister Sarah Eliza Davy was later to marry their first cousin John Cadman, William Cadman's eldest son who inherited Wold Newton Hall, thus further cementing the close relationship between these two families.

Samuel and Florence Lucas had 10 children but their four sons produced only one grandchild between them - my mother, Celia Florence Lucas.

It was the letters and diaries of my great-great-great-grandmother Ann Cadman and my great-grandmother Florence Lucas née Davy that inspired me to start family history research. Many of Ann Cadman's letters were preserved and are quoted in this paper, and almost all of Florence Lucas' pocket-book diaries (1864-1913) have survived. However it has taken several years to get from the unidentified "William" of the letters, and the frequently mentioned but equally anonymous "Uncle Wm" of the diaries, to William Cadman of Wold Newton Hall and finally to the Cadmans of Leeds.

Celia E Moss
London August 2002

1 John Cadman Tobaconnist, Briggate b: c 1724 d: Apr 1797 in Sheepscar, Leeds
..+Mary Cayley b: c 1728 m: 19 Oct 1758 St Peters, Leeds d: Mar 1776 in Leeds
.......2 John Cadman b: 1759 Leeds d: bef 1769
.......2 Ann Cadman b: 1764 Leeds
.......2 Mary Cadman b: 1766 Leeds
.......2 Thomas Cadman Tobacco merchant b: 11 Dec 1767 Leeds d: 18 Oct 1835 in Leeds
...........+Ann Oastler b: 5 Jun 1778 Thirsk, Yorkshire m: 20 Nov 1797 Saint Peter, Leeds d: 16 Feb 1863 in Leeds
................3 John Cadman b: 24 Aug 1798 Leeds d: 26 Jan 1830 in Leeds
................3 Sarah Cadman Died in infancy b: 30 Mar 1800 Leeds d: Feb 1801 in Leeds
................3 Sarah Cadman b: 4 Oct 1801 Leeds d: 16 Oct 1889 in Scarborough
....................+Albert Davy US Consul Leeds b: 1800 Philadelphia m: 17 Jun 1829 Leeds d: 24 Jul 1877 in Scarborough
..........................4 Anne Cadman Davy b: 5 Sep 1830 Sheepscar, Leeds d: 2 May 1917 in Hurworth
..............................+Thomas Raper Wilkinson Landowner b: c 1814 m: 10 Apr 1850 Leeds
                                d: c 1860 in Neasham Abbey, Hurworth on Tees
..........................*2nd Husband of Anne Cadman Davy:
..............................+James Thompson Farmer, landowner b: c 23 Jun 1821 Bishop Auckland, Durham
                               m: 1 Jun 1875 Hurworth d: Bef. 1894
..........................4 Mary Davy b: 10 Apr 1832 Leeds d: 24 Mar 1861 in Craven Hill, Paddington
..............................+Thomas Clemens Watson Merchant b: 13 Jun 1824 London m: 2 Dec 1857 Scarborough d: 30 Mar 1886
..........................4 Herbert Davy US vice consul Newcastle b: 10 Nov 1833 Leeds d: 11 Jun 1889 in Newcastle
..............................+Ellen Mary Harvey b: c 1837 Wooler, Northumberland m: 2 May 1865 Newcastle d: 25 Feb 1913 in London
..........................4 Rosa Davy b: 5 Dec 1835 Leeds d: 8 Feb 1902 in Nottingham
..............................+Fretwell William Hoyle Solicitor b: 1832 Rotherham m: 1 Aug 1860 St Lukes, Leeds
..........................4 Alfred Davy Solicitor, Markland Davy b: 29 Mar 1838 Leeds d: 5 Dec 1886 in Scarborough
..............................+Caroline Jackson b: c 1842 Belgium m: c 1869
..........................4 Florence Davy Water-colourist b: 2 Dec 1839 Leeds d: 30 Oct 1913 in Hitchin
..............................+Samuel Lucas Chairman, Hitchin Brewery b: 2 Feb 1840 m: 20 Oct 1864 Scarborough d: 11 Apr 1919 in Hitchin
..........................4 [2] Sarah Eliza Davy No issue b: 5 Dec 1843 Leeds d: 6 Dec 1915 in West Ayton
..............................+[1] John Cadman Landed proprietor b: 11 Dec 1831 Sheepscar, Leeds m: 11 Jul 1885 Scarborough
                                   d: 5 Jul 1901 in Scarborough
..........................4 Julia Davy b: 8 Jun 1845 Leeds d: 10 Dec 1888 in Scarborough
................3 William Cadman Tobaconnist, landowner b: 9 Jan 1803 Sheepscar, Leeds d: 21 Nov 1884 in Scarborough
....................+Amelia Rhodes b: 29 Jan 1805 Leeds m: 5 Nov 1827 Roundhay, Yorkshire d: 21 Oct 1855 in Wold Newton
..........................4 Martha Rhodes Cadman Died young b: c 1828 Sheepscar, Leeds d: 14 Aug 1852 in W Derby
..........................4 [1] John Cadman Landed proprietor b: 11 Dec 1831 Sheepscar, Leeds d: 5 Jul 1901 in Scarborough
..............................+[2] Sarah Eliza Davy No issue b: 5 Dec 1843 Leeds m: 11 Jul 1885 Scarborough d: 6 Dec 1915 in West Ayton
..........................4 Rhodes Cadman Died young b: c 1834 d: 21 Nov 1856 in Wold Newton
..........................4 Amelia Ann Cadman Died young b: 22 Sep 1837 Sheepscar, Leeds d: 3 Oct 1857 in Scarborough
..........................4 Henry Cadman Died in infancy b: 24 Nov 1841 d: 22 Oct 1842
..........................4 Robert Cadman Died in infancy b: Jun 1843 Wold Newton d: Aug 1843 in Wold Newton
..........................4 Mary Eliza Cadman Unmarried b: 14 Aug 1844 Wold Newton d: Aft. 1894
..........................4 Reginald Cadman Landed proprietor b: 3 Jan 1846 Wold Newton d: 19 Oct 1885 in Bath St, Buxton
..............................+Charlotte Agnes Douglas b: c 1850 Quebec, Canada m: 7 Dec 1875 Holdenhurst
                                d: 16 Oct 1907 in Oakleigh Park, Middlesex
................3 Robert Cadman b: 1805 Leeds d: 26 Feb 1873 in Richmond, Surrey
.......2 John Cadman Brandy merchant, Simpson's fold b: 1769 Leeds d: c 1824 in Leeds
...........+Mary
................3 John Cadman Wine merchant b: c 1802 d: 16 Mar 1853 in 12 Kendall St, Leeds
....................+Mary Casson b: c 1824 South Kirkby, Yorks d: Aft. 1881
................3 Thomas Cadman b: c 1803 d: 1867
................3 William Cadman Wine merchant b: Nov 1805 d: 13 Jul 1876 in Roundhay
....................+Eleanor Casson b: 7 Feb 1827 Wakefield d: 8 Feb 1900
................3 Caroline Ann Cadman b: 1813 Leeds

Descendants of William Rhodes 82

1 William Rhodes Dyer d: 20 Oct 1772 in Mabgate, Leeds
..+Ann
.......2 Timothy Rhodes Wool merchant b: c 1751 d: c 1790
...........+Elizabeth Garforth m: 2 Apr 1787 Skipton in Craven, Yorkshire
.......2 Matthew Rhodes Wool merchant b: c 1751 d: 14 Sep 1802
...........+Mary Smith m: 27 Oct 1785 St Peters, Leeds d: 18 Dec 1826 in Campfield, Leeds
................3 Ann Rhodes b: 6 May 1786 d: 20 Sep 1840
................3 Sarah Rhodes b: 1787 Leeds d: 1862 in Roundhay, nr Leeds
....................+Stephen Nicholson Banker b: 1779 Chapel Allerton m: 1 Dec 1807 Leeds d: 23 Feb 1858 Roundhay
................3 Mary Rhodes Died in infancy b: Mar 1789 d: 1790
................3 Timothy Rhodes Founding partner, Leeds Union Bank b: 21 Jul 1790 d: 28 Oct 1817
....................+Caroline Whitacre m: 19 Feb 1816 St Peter's, Huddersfield d: Bef. Oct 1817
..........................4 Matthew John Rhodes Adm Inner Temple b: 1817 Littleham cum Exmouth
                              d: 29 Oct 1891 in 21 Pembridge Crescent, Kensington
..............................+Emma Sarah Rawson b: 15 May 1814 Huddersfield m: 20 Mar 1839
................3 Charlotte Rhodes b: 3 Mar 1792 d: 27 Feb 1868
....................+James Brown m: 10 Jun 1811 Leeds parish church
................3 Mary Ann Rhodes b: 17 Apr 1793
....................+Rev William Hiley Bathurst Rector, Barwick-in-Elmet b: 28 Aug 1796 Clevedale, nr Bristol
                      m: 2 Sep 1829 Roundhay, Yorks d: 25 Nov 1877 in Lydney Park, Glos
................3 John William Rhodes Wool merchant & manufacturer b: c 1795 d: 1865 in Berkshire
....................+Sarah Brooke m: 16 Sep 1824
.......2 Sarah Rhodes b: c 1760
...........+John Hebblethwaite Partner in Rhodes & Co m: 12 Oct 1786 St Peters, Leeds
.......2 Jeremiah Rhodes Woollen merchant, Woodhouse Lane b: c 1761 d: Bef. 1840
................3 Frederick Rhodes b: c 1807 Leeds
................3 Elizabeth Rhodes
.......2 Samuel Rhodes
.......2 William Rhodes US branch of Rhodes & Co b: c 1764 Leeds d: c 1814 in New York
...........+Mary Glover m: 19 May 1796 St Peters, Leeds
.......2 Harriot Rhodes
...........+William Maude m: 4 Mar 1789 Otley, Yorks d: Bef. 1840
................3 John Maude b: c 1795 Otley, Yorks
.......2 Abraham Rhodes Wool merchant & manufacturer b: 11 Sep 1767 Leeds d: 16 Feb 1838 in Roundhay, nr Leeds
...........+Martha Glover b: c 1780 Leeds m: 21 Aug 1799 St Peter, Leeds d: 28 Jan 1810 in Leeds
................3 William Rhodes Died in childhood b: c 1802 d: 3 Nov 1806 in Leeds
................3 Amelia Rhodes b: 29 Jan 1805 Leeds d: 21 Oct 1855 in Wold Newton
....................+William Cadman Tobaconnist, landowner b: 9 Jan 1803 Sheepscar, Leeds m: 5 Nov 1827 Roundhay
                       d: 21 Nov 1884 in Scarborough
..........................4 Martha Rhodes Cadman b: c 1828 Sheepscar, Leeds d: 14 Aug 1852 W Derby, Liverpool
..........................4 John Cadman Landed proprietor b: 11 Dec 1831 Sheepscar, Leeds d: 5 Jul 1901 in Scarborough
..............................+Sarah Eliza Davy b: 5 Dec 1843 Leeds m: 11 Jul 1885 Scarborough d: 6 Dec 1915 West Ayton
..........................4 Rhodes Cadman Died young b: c 1834 d: 21 Nov 1856 in Wold Newton
..........................4 Amelia Ann Cadman Died young b: 22 Sep 1837 Sheepscar, Leeds d: 3 Oct 1857 in Scarborough
..........................4 Henry Cadman Died in infancy b: 24 Nov 1841 d: 22 Oct 1842
..........................4 Robert Cadman Died in infancy b: Jun 1843 Wold Newton d: Aug 1843 in Wold Newton
..........................4 Mary Eliza Cadman Unmarried b: 14 Aug 1844 Wold Newton d: Aft. 1894
..........................4 Reginald Cadman Landed proprietor b: 3 Jan 1846 Wold Newton d: 19 Oct 1885 in Buxton
..............................+Charlotte Agnes Douglas b: c 1850 Quebec, Canada m: 7 Dec 1875 Holdenhurst d: 16 Oct
................3 Louisa Rhodes b: c 1809 Leeds
....................+James Williamson Physician d: 1845 in Stretton Hall, Cheshire
................3 Martha Rhodes b: c 1810 d: 26 Aug 1871
....................+William Nicholson Nicholson Landowner b: 1803 Leeds m: 2 Oct 1827 Roundhay d: 19 Sep 1868 Leeds
..........................4 Thomas Nicholson b: c 1829 Heavitree, Devon
..........................4 Rhodes Nicholson b: c 1830 Heavitree, Devon
..........................4 Stephen Nicholson b: c 1831 Heavitree, Devon
..........................4 Albert Henry Nicholson b: c 1833 Heavitree, Devon
..........................4 Emily Nicholson b: 1836
..............................+William Armitage b: of Farnley Hall m: 7 Aug 1860
..........................4 Lucy Nicholson b: 1838 Roundhay
..........................4 Walter Nicholson b: 1840
..........................4 Julia Nicholson b: 1841 Julia
..........................4 Gertrude Nicholson b: 1842 Roundhay
..........................4 Caroline Nicholson b: 1843 Roundhay
..........................4 William Nicholson b: 1845 Roundhay
..........................4 Charles Nicholson b: 1848 Roundhay
..........................4 Frances Nicholson b: 1850 Roundhay
.......2 Elizabeth Rhodes b: c 1769

Notes

1 Richard Oastler The Factory King, by Arthur Greenwood, pub Workers' Educational Association, Huddersfield branch, 1913

2 Tory Radical: The Life of Richard Oastler, by Cecil Driver, pub OUP 1946. This definitive biography is the source of all the information about Richard Oastler's career and locations summarised in this paper.

3 Birth and baptismal dates of Robert Oastler's children are taken from a document headed "Robt Oastler's, 1st September 1776", probably a family bible list. This document is very old but is unlikely to be the original since it looks as if all the entries were made at the same time. Cadman/Oastler Papers, in the possession of the Moss family.

4 The painting, a watercolour painted by a Mr Craig Jr of Leeds, was passed down in the Davy family but cannot be traced after 1935. This illustration is a photograph taken in November 1889, of which framed copies were distributed to all Sarah (Cadman) Davy's children and possibly grandchildren. At least three copies of the photograph are still in existence, each with a list of the subjects on the back transcribed from the original list written by Joseph Oastler, eldest son of Robert.

5 History of locations of the Cadman family tobacco business, early data extracted by Neville Hurworth
· 1781 John Cadman tobacconist, Shambles. Northern Directory
· 1790 Jn Cadman, Tobacconist, Briggate. Leeds Directory
· 1797 & 98 Cadman, Glover & Darnton, tobacconists, Lower Head Row. Leeds Directory
· 1807 Cadman & Darnton, tobacco mfrs, Lady Lane. Baines
· 1822 Cadmans and Stanley, tobacco manufacturers, Lady lane. Baines
· 1834 Cadman Thomas & Co. 31 Lady lane (tobacco & snuff manufacturers). Pigott's
· 1837 Cadman Wm. tobacco and snuff mfr 31 Lady lane, h 35 North street. White's

6 October 1758 19th John Cadman & Mary Cayley [married] by T Faber, Curate. Witnesses: William Greenwood and Eliz Cayley. Transactions of the Thoresby Society, Parish Registers 1757-1776 Vol 25 p181

7 Christening records on IGI Batch C088791; exact date of Thomas Cadman's birth from St John's Roundhay Monumental Inscriptions, compiled by the Oakwood & District Historical Society, courtesy of Peter Oldfield. The eldest child John must have died before 1769, since the same name was given to the last child.

8 Unnamed children of John Cadman, Back Shambles, were buried at St John's in 1760, 1762, 1766 & 1770, from St John's parish register, courtesy of Joan Newiss.

9 Guide to the Leeds Archives, published by the West Yorkshire Archives, courtesy of Neville Hurworth

10 from St John's Parish Register, courtesy of Joan Newiss

11 Gentlemen Merchants by R G Wilson describes William Glover and Thomas Cadman as "wealthy wholesale tobacconists" (courtesy of Neville Hurworth); The Fortunes of a Leeds Merchant House, ibid, describes Samuel Glover, father of Martha qv, as having "made a considerable fortune as a wholesale tobacconist" (courtesy of June Underwood).

12 from Gentlemen Merchants by R G Wilson (courtesy of Neville Hurworth).

13 Wife of Arthur Lupton, William Lupton's brother. The Arthur Luptons lived in Sheepscar Rd

14 Mr Darnton is probably John Darnton, Thomas Cadman's business partner, who was still living in Sheepscar in 1822. The "three eldest grandchildren" may be Olive, Darnton and Arthur Lupton, the first children of his daughter Ann who married William Lupton in 1803.

15 "Uncle Richard" was Richard Oastler, then 23 years old and engaged as a general trader in Leeds. It would be another 20 years before he embarked on the campaigns that were to make him a national figure. Tory Radical: The Life of Richard Oastler, ibid.

16 Baptism record IGI batch C009626 "daughter of Abrahm Rhodes", also "Amelia, wife of William Cadman and eldest daughter of Abraham Rhodes Esq. Born January 29th 1805 married November 5th 1827 and died October 21st 1855.", MI from Roundhay, courtesy of Peter Oldfield

17 Information about the firm of Rhodes & Co summarised from The Fortunes of a Leeds Merchant House, by R G Wilson, pub University of East Anglia, courtesy of June Underwood.

18 IGI batch M009628

19 Burials at St Pauls Church Leeds (Transactions of the Thoresby Society Volume 15):
· 1806: William, son of Mr Abraham Rhodes, Mercht in Leeds, died November 3rd and was buried in Mrs Glover's vault St Pauls No 12 November 4, aged 4. Scarlet fever.
· 1810: Martha wife of Abram Rhodes, merchant, died January 28th & was buried January 30th in Mrs Glover's vault No 12, aged 29. Child bed.
· 1838: Abram Rhodes, Roundhay, Feb 23rd. 70
St Pauls Church in Leeds was demolished to make way for the inner city ring road in the 1950's. The three people above were re-interred in Farnley Churchyard.
Baptism of Louisa Rhodes 1809 IGI batch C151052, also reference in A Rhodes' Will
Baptism of Martha Rhodes Batch C151052 St Peter's

20 Memorial of indenture of lease & release dated July 5 & 6 1838 between the Executors of Abraham Rhodes, and William and Robert Cadman, transfers to the latter "..all that the capital messuage or mansion house .. situate at Roundhay .. late the residence and in the occupation of Abram Rhodes Esq deceased and now commonly called or known by the name of Wood End". Courtesy of Joan Newiss

21 "In 1832 a school was built in Front Street by Abraham Rhodes and supported after his death by an annual allowance of £20 from his executors and subscriptions from other landowners". A History of Yorkshire: East Riding, Wold Newton section.

22 IGI batch M071691

23 A History of St John's Church Roundhay, pub 1967 by Jack Dickinson and Gilbert Webster, available on www.stjohnsroundhay.co.uk/history.html

24 National Burial Index pub Federation of Family History Societies

25 The Heys were a prominent Leeds medical family (Hey William, Esq. & Son, surgeons, Albion street, from Baines Leeds Directory 1822.). It is not clear whether the doctor in attendance here was William Hey himself or his son John.

26 Probably Mary Oastler, born 1785

27 Sarah Cadman, aged 27

28 Robert Cadman, aged 23

29 John Cadman aged 30

30 Robert Cadman, Ann's youngest son, then aged 24.

31 Probably the Rev W Airey MA, often referred to in Cadman letters. Cited in the Alfred Bridgwater Advertiser as protesting about Hexham church rates, Nov 25 1833. Possibly related to the Cadmans by marriage - a William Airey married Ann Cadman (who could be Ann Cadman born 1864, sister of Thomas) in 1794 at St Peter's Leeds.

32 John & William were Ann's children; Amelia was William's wife and Albert was Sarah's husband.

33 Martha Rhodes Cadman, Ann Cadman's first grandchild, born the previous year to William and Amelia

34 Memorial note with lock of hair "John Cadman died Jan 26th 1830 aged 31 years" (Cadman/Oastler papers). Also "John eldest son of Thomas and Ann Cadman born August 24th 1798 died January 26th 1830 in the 32nd year of his age", MI St John's Roundhay (courtesy of Peter Oldfield)

35 Memorial in St John's Roundhay, north wall of the nave: "John Cadman, eldest son of Thomas and Ann Cadman of Sheepscar, died 25th January 1830. Also Sarah his daughter who died at the age of 11 months and whose remains were moved from Mill Hill Chapel and placed with her brother in the family vault below the church." Courtesy of Peter Oldfield, also photograph from Joan Newiss.

36 Diaries of Florence Lucas 1864-1913, Cadman/Oastler papers

37 National Burial Index, ibid, also St John's Roundhay MI courtesy of Peter Oldfield

38 Directories and Cadman correspondence

39 White's 1837 Directory for Leeds, transcribed by Sue Johnson for the New Leeds Indexers, includes a list of magistrates and councillors. This out of copyright material has been transcribed by Sue Johnson, who has provided the transcription on condition that any further copying and distribution of the transcription is allowed only for non-commercial purposes, and includes this statement in its entirety. Any references to, or quotations from, this material should give credit to the original author(s) or editors. sue.halifax@btinternet.com

40 Darnton Lupton was the eldest son of William Lupton and Mayor of Leeds on two occasions. By 1837 he was living at Potternewton. (Whites 1837, ibid). Both he and his two wives were buried at St John's Roundhay (National Burial Index, ibid).

41 "Sacred to the memory of ABRAM RHODES of Roundhay near Leeds and also of Wold Newton, Esquire: born 11th September, 1767. Died February 16th 1838, aged 70 years. His remains were deposited in the family vault at St Paul's Church Leeds February 23rd 1838. He first established and built a Sunday School in this place." Commemorative tablet in All Saints church, Wold Newton:

42 Will of Abram Rhodes, courtesy of June Underwood

43 Inference from baptism and birth locations of the Nicholson children (IGI and 1851 census)

44 Building took place from 1804-1809. Parish Register November 26, 1804, courtesy of Mrs Peverley previously of Wold Newton Hall

45 Wold Newton Hall, in wooded grounds .. built 1797-1809 by William Hutchinson, was converted into flats in 1948 (BA Guides, Yorkshire Wolds, www.ba-education.demon.co.uk/for/travel/guide/wold1a.html.

46 Auction document for the Wold Newton estate prepared by Knight Frank & Rutley and dated September 4th 1919, on the instructions of J J Calder Esq; in the possession of David Rank of Wold Newton.

47 The £6,000 named as the price of the Wood End property would have a purchasing power of £300,000 in 2002. The 'fair valuation' of the Wold Newton estate specified by Abraham Rhodes' Will is not known, but it cannot have been a small sum. It is reasonable to assume that William Cadman disposed of his business to finance these acquisitions and this is supported by the fact that he is described as of "Independent means" in the 1841 census.

48 Letter from Mary Leese née Oastler in Scarborough to her sister Ann Cadman née Oastler, William Cadman's mother, September 9, 1839: "We are expecting to see William on Thursday. Joe intends to return to Wold Newton with him in the evening". Cadman/Oastler papers

49 Report on the Leeds Horticultural and Floral Society 1839: first prize for grapes to "Mr. W.L. Wise, gardener to Wm. Cadman Esq. Roundhay". Leeds Mercury, June 15 1839, courtesy of Neville Hurworth

50 1841 census for Roundhay: William Cadman, Head, 35, Independent means, plus wife Amelia, four children, a visitor (John Lofthouse, solicitor) and 8 servants

51 Directory, Roundhay 1842: "Wm Cadman Esq Wood end Roundhay"

52 This is one of only two mentions of Amelia in Ann Cadman's letters. The child was Henry Cadman who died the following year aged 11 months.

53 Olive Lupton b 1804 eldest child of William Lupton & Ann Darnton.

54 Probably the Arthur Luptons who lived in Sheepscar Rd in 1837.

55 Probably a daughter or sister of John Luccock of Fountain terrace, Sheepscar (Baines Leeds Directory 1822), the brother-in-law of William and Arthur Lupton and their business representative in Brazil in 1808. His sister Sarah Darnton Luccock married Darnton Lupton and is buried at St John's Roundhay (National Burial Index).

56 John Hey the surgeon died in 1837, aged 35. His daughter Frances was buried at St Paul's Church on Dec 17, 1841, aged 11. Burials at St Paul's church, Transactions of the Thoresby Society Vol 15.

57 Kate Lupton, aged 12, the daughter of Darnton Lupton and his first wife Sarah Darnton Luccock who lived in Potternewton in 1837. She married Edward Schunck in 1867 (IGI) and is commemorated on her mother's tablet at St John's Roundhay (Roundhay MI)

58 Herbert Davy aged 8.

59 Elizabeth Kirkus Davy née Layborn, wife of Josiah Davy, Albert Davy's elder brother. She was 17 years younger than her husband and they had only been married 3 months at the time of this letter. She was to live until 1897.

60 Harriet Lupton was the fourth child of Arthur & Ann Lupton who lived in Sheepscar. She was born in 1816.

61 1845 Roundhay directory has no listing for William Cadman

62 Early Recollections of Wold Newton, written by William Bannister in about 1929, courtesy of Tony Butler, West Bank, Wold Newton Hall. William Bannister was a rope-maker in Wold Newton, born in 1858, son of Edward Bannister, also a rope-maker. He writes that his source for the early Cadman information was his step-mother, who was in service at the Hall before going on to work at the Vicarage. The step-mother has been identified as Mary Edwards, born in 1840, daughter of Matthew Edwards the Parish Clerk and the second wife of Edward Bannister. IGI, 1881 census

63 Cadman/Oastler papers, also National Burial Index, ibid

64 Rhodes Cadman, then aged about 10

65 Rev Joseph Skelton was Rector at Wold Newton 1830-1860.

66 Amelia Ann Cadman, born in 1837

67 This comment dates the letter at 1844. The baby referred to was Mary Eliza Cadman who was born in August 1844 and was the next sister to Amelia Ann.

68 Jonathan Layborn of Beverley had acquired the Wold Cottage estate, about a mile from Wold Newton, by 1840. His daughter Elizabeth Kirkus Layborn had married Josiah Davy, Albert Davy's elder brother, in September 1841.

69 Martha Rhodes Cadman, then aged 20

70 In 1846 the railway reached Ganton, about 8 miles away from Wold Newton by road. Before that the nearest station was Scarborough.

71 Alfred Davy, the younger of Sarah Davy's two sons, b 1838. He was to become a partner in the legal firm of Markland Davy and William Cadman's solicitor.

72 Presumably Sarah Eliza (5) and Julia (3) Davy

73 Reginald Cadman born 1846, the youngest of William and Amelia's children.

74 Family Record Centre, death certificate of Martha Rhodes Cadman

75 All Saints church at Wold Newton was subordinate to the Hunmanby church until quite late on in the nineteenth century. A 'hamlet fee' continued to be paid to Hunmanby for repairs and other expenses until at least 1850. However Wold Newton had a consecrated graveyard from 1828.

76 "The east window consists of two lights, and is glazed with coloured glass. There are four single lights in the aisle, inserted by W Cadman Esq in memory of his wife. The illustrations are St Mary Magdalen, St Stephen, St Peter and St Mary". Bulmer's History and Directory of East Yorkshire, 1892, entry for Wold Newton describing All Saints church.

77 "By 1871 ….the local land owner's son, John Cadman, had also bought land in the village which he had begun to farm. … John Cadman is mentioned as living in the village in 1891 but not as a farmer. Following the death of his father in November 1884 John Cadman returned to Wold Newton Hall to become the local landed proprietor. It is possible however that he kept his farmland and rented it to a tenant farmer". Life in the Village of Wold Newton 1850-2000, Juliet Shepherd, 1994. Via Tony Butler, West Bank, Wold Newton Hall.

78 Ann Cadman, widow of Thomas Cadman tobacco manuf, died Feb 16 1863 at North Street Leeds. The informant was Robert Cadman, present at the death, resident North St Leeds. FRC death certificate ref 1863 Q1 9b 319.

79 St John's Roundhay MI, courtesy of Peter Oldfield

80 Another William Cadman (1805-1876), a retired wine merchant, lived in Roundhay from around 1860 and was churchwarden at St John's 1862-1866. He is is buried outside the south door of St John's with his wife Eleanor née Casson. This William was probably the first cousin of the William Cadman who married Amelia Rhodes, being the second son of John Cadman 1769-1824, brandy merchant, but we know of no contact between the two Williams.

81 For the full Davy pedigree see Roderick Craig's web site at http://roderickcraig.ourfamily.com/davy/. Roderick is also descended fromWilliam Davy via one of his elder daughters.

82 Additional sources for the Rhodes descent outline include the Wills of Matthew Rhodes and Timothy Rhodes (both courtesy of June Underwood) and Mary (Smith) Rhodes